Here is my understanding; EPDM membranes are smooth and TPO and Alpha-Ply roof membranes have a haircel texture, which can be likened to an orange peel. That is from
Alpha.
Another way to tell is that an EPDM rubber roof is very slippery when it is wet; whereas TPO is not.
Also, EPDM rubber roofing material chalks and will cause black streaks to run down the sides.
There is also fiberglass but those are almost always found on motorhomes AFAIK.